Mekhoa ea welding ea tšepe ea tšepe ea alloy bakeng sa indasteri ea li-valve - Litlhaloso tsa tekheniki bakeng sa li-castings tsa tšepe tse tlase tsa mocheso bakeng sa li-valve

Mekhoa ea ho tjheseletsa ea tšepe e entsoeng ka motsoako bakeng sa indasteri ea li-valve - Tlhaloso ea tekheniki bakeng sa li-castings tsa tšepe tse tlaase tsa mocheso bakeng sa li-valve Matla a tšepe, a tsejoang hape e le tšepe e matla e phahameng, e na le matla a ho hlahisa a seng ka tlase ho 1290MPa le matla a thata a seng ka tlase ho 440MPa. Ho ea ka tlhahiso ntlha le boemo mocheso kalafo, matla tšepe ka aroloa ka chesang phuthoa normalizing tšepe, tlaase k'habone bohale tšepe le mahareng k'habone bohale tšepe. Chelete e kolobisitsoeng ka tšepe e tloaelehileng ke mofuta oa phekolo e sa chesehang e matlafalitsoeng ka tšepe, eo ka kakaretso e fanoang ka boemo bo chesang kapa bo tloaelehileng. Haholo-holo e itšetlehile ka matla a ho qhibiliha ha bongata, ho eketsa palo e lekanyelitsoeng ea perela, ho hloekisa lijo-thollo le ho matlafatsa pula ho netefatsa matla. Low carbon tempered steel e itšetlehile ka ho tima, mocheso o phahameng oa mocheso oa mocheso oa mocheso (phekolo e halefileng) ho matlafatsa boima ba motsoako oa tšepe ea mohaho ... tšepe e nang le likarolo tse ling tsa motsoako o ekelitsoeng motheong oa tšepe e tloaelehileng ea k'habone ho fihlela litlhoko tsa mefuta e fapaneng ea mosebetsi le thepa. Litšepe tsa sebopeho sa alloy bakeng sa welding hangata li arotsoe ka mekhahlelo e 'meli e latelang. 1 Steel bakeng sa matla Ts'epe ea matla, e tsejoang hape e le tšepe e matla e phahameng, e na le matla a tlhahiso a seng ka tlase ho 1290MPa le matla a thata a seng ka tlase ho 440MPa. Ho ea ka tlhahiso ntlha le mocheso boemo kalafo, matla tšepe ka aroloa ka chesang phuthoa normalizing tšepe, tlaase k'habone bohale tšepe le mahareng k'habone bohale tšepe. Chelete e kolobisitsoeng ka tšepe e tloaelehileng ke mofuta oa phekolo e sa chesehang e matlafalitsoeng ka tšepe, eo ka kakaretso e fanoang ka boemo bo chesang kapa bo tloaelehileng. Haholo-holo e itšetlehile ka matla a ho qhibiliha ha bongata, ho eketsa palo e lekanyelitsoeng ea perela, ho hloekisa lijo-thollo le ho matlafatsa pula ho netefatsa matla. Low carbon tempered tšepe ke boima alloy structural tšepe matlafatsoa ke quenching le mocheso o phahameng tempering mocheso kalafo tshebetso (phekolo e halefileng). Kakaretso ea eona ea khabone ke wc0.25%, 'me e na le litšobotsi tsa matla a holimo, ho tiea ha polasetiki e ntle,' me e ka chesetsoa ka kotloloho sebakeng sa khalefo. Khabone ea tšepe ea carbon tempered steel e phahame ka 0.3% ho feta wc, 'me matla a tlhahiso a ka fihla ho feta 880MPa. Ka mor'a ho tima le ho kokobetsa phekolo, e na le matla a phahameng le ho thatafala, empa ho thata ho tlaase, ka hona, weldability e futsanehile. 2. Tšepe e khethehileng Ho ea ka tšebeliso ea maemo a tikoloho kapa litlhoko tsa ts'ebetso li ka aroloa ka tšepe ea pearlite mocheso, tšepe e tlaase ea alloy corrosion le tšepe e tlaase ea mocheso tse tharo. Pearlite e thibela mocheso oa tšepe wc≤5%, chromium le tšepe ea aluminium e thehiloeng ho hypoeutectoid. E na le matla a matle a mocheso le botsitso. Taba ea eona e ikhethang ke hore e ntse e na le matla a itseng le khanyetso ea oxidation mocheso oa ho fihla ho 500 ~ 600 ℃. Haholo-holo e sebelisetsoa ho etsa likarolo tsa mocheso o phahameng ka thepa ea matla a mocheso le lisebelisoa tsa petrochemical. Litšepe tsa alloy tse sa khoneng ho bola li kenyelletsa litšepe tse sa khoneng ho bola tse nang le aluminiamo tse sebelisetsoang thepa ea petrochemical le litšepe tse sa khoneng ho bola tse nang le phosphorus le koporo tse sebelisoang bakeng sa metsi a leoatle kapa litšepe tsa sepakapaka. Ntle le ho khotsofatsa thepa e felletseng ea mochini, mofuta ona oa tšepe o boetse o na le khanyetso ea kutu sebakeng se lumellanang. Ka kakaretso e sebelisoa sebakeng se chesang se kolobisitsoeng kapa se tloaelehileng, ke phekolo e se nang mocheso ea tšepe e matlafalitsoeng. Letlapa la tšepe la mocheso le tlase le lokela ho sebelisoa ho -40 ~ 196 ℃ thepa e tlase ea mocheso le likarolo tsa meralo, tlhokahalo e ka sehloohong ea toughness e tlase ea mocheso, matla ha a phahame. Hangata e arotsoe ka tšepe e se nang nickel le tšepe e nang le nickel, e atisang ho sebelisoa ka mokhoa o tloaelehileng kapa o tloaelehileng oa mollo, ke oa phekolo e se nang mocheso ea tšepe e matlafalitsoeng. 3. Tlhahlobo ea weldability ea tšepe e matla e phahameng Mathata a maholo a ho chesehela ha tšepe e matla haholo ke: crystallization crack, liquefaction crack, cold crack, reheat crack le mocheso o amehang phetoho ea ts'ebetso ea libaka (1) Crystal crack The kristale crack in weld e thehoa ka hare. nako ea morao-rao ea ho tiisa tjheseletsa hobane eutectic e nang le ntlha e tlase ea ho qhibiliha e etsa filimi ea mokelikeli moeling oa lijo-thollo 'me e petsoha haufi le moeli oa lijo-thollo tlas'a ketso ea khatello ea maikutlo. Tlhahiso ea eona e amana le litaba tsa litšila (tse kang sebabole, phosphorus, carbon, joalo-joalo) ka weld. Litšila tsena ke lintho tse khothalletsang ho phatloha ha crystallization 'me li lokela ho laoloa ka thata. Manganese e na le phello ea desulphurization, e ka ntlafatsang khanyetso ea crack ea weld. (2) Mocheso o amehang sebakeng sa liquefied crack welding Liquefaction crack e bakoa ke ho qhibiliha ha sebaka sa eutectic e tlaase e qhibilihang haufi le moeli oa lijo-thollo tsa tšepe ka har'a tjheseletsa ea mefuta e mengata tlas'a khatello ea kelello ka lebaka la ho palama baesekele e futhumetseng ea ho cheselletsa. 4 Ts'ebetso ea ho tjheseletsa ka tšepe e matla e phahameng Ts'ebetso ea ho tjheseletsa e kenyelletsa khetho ea mekhoa ea ho tjheseletsa le lisebelisoa tsa ho tjheseletsa, boikemisetso ba lintlha tsa welding, ho hlophisoa ha basebetsi ba kalafo ea mocheso le ho hlophisoa ha kopano ea welding le tatellano ea tjheseletsa. Ts'ebetso ea welding e utloahalang e bohlokoa haholo ho netefatsa boleng ba sehlahisoa, ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso le ho fokotsa litšenyehelo. (1) Hot rolling le tshebetso tjheseletsa tsa tšepe e tloaelehileng Ho roala tšepe e tloaelehileng e na le weldability e ntle, feela ha tshebetso tjheseletsa e sa lokang tla hlaha mathata a kopanetsweng tshebetso. Litšepe tse chesang le tse tloaelehileng li loketse mekhoa e fapaneng ea ho tjheseletsa, haholo-holo ho ea ka botenya ba thepa, sebopeho sa sehlahisoa, boemo ba weld le maemo a khethehileng tlas'a kopo. Hangata, tjheseletsa e ka etsoa ka ho tjheseletsa arc, welding arc, carbon dioxide gas shielded welding le electroslag welding. E le ho qoba ho phunyeha sebakeng se chesang haholo, ho kenya letsoho mocheso o monyenyane o lokela ho khethoa. Nyenyane ea ho kenya mocheso le mehato ea ho futhumatsa e ka sebelisoa ho laola mocheso oa interlayer ho thibela mapetsong ha ho tjheseletsa tšepe e nang le botenya bo boholo le likarolo tsa motheo tsa tšepe tsa tšepe. Sepheo sa ho khetha lisebelisoa tsa ho tjheseletsa ke tse peli: e 'ngoe ke ho qoba mefuta eohle ea mefokolo ho weld, e' ngoe ke ho bapisa thepa ea mechine ea tšepe ea motheo. Ka lebaka la ho khetheha ha weld crystallization, lik'hemik'hale tsa eona hangata li fapane le tsa tšepe ea motheo. Ha u sebelisa li-electrode arc welding, u ka khetha eleketrode eo boemo ba eona ba matla bo lumellanang le tšepe ea motheo, ke hore, ho latela b ea tšepe ea motheo eo u ka e khethang. Litšepe tse chesang tse nang le matla a tlaase a ho cheseletsa le tšekamelo e fokolang ea ho phatloha li ka khetha electrode ea calcium e nang le ts'ebetso e ntle ea ts'ebetso kapa electrode e tlaase ea hydrogen. Bakeng sa tšepe e matla e phahameng, electrode e tlaase ea hydrogen e lokela ho khethoa. Mocheso o tlase oa tšepe bakeng sa li-valve Tekanyetso ena e sebetsa ho li-valve, li-flange le li-castings tse ling tlas'a khatello e sebelisoang mocheso o tlase ho tloha -254 ℃ ho ea -29 ℃. Li-castings tsohle li tla phekoloa ka mocheso ho ea ka moralo le lik'hemik'hale tsa thepa. E le ho etsa hore li-castings tse teteaneng tsa marako li lumellane le thepa e hlokahalang ea mochine, hangata ho hlokahala ho tima li-castings tsa tšepe tsa 'mele oa cable. Pele ho tloaeleha kapa ho tima, ho lumelloa ho pholile ho lahla ka ho toba ka tlas'a mocheso oa mocheso oa phetoho ea mohato ka mor'a ho lahla le ho tiisa. Ha mokhoa oa *** ho lahla holim'a sekoli o tla hlahisa mocheso o phahameng, ho lahla ho lokela ho behoa pele ho bonyane mocheso o fokolang o boletsoeng ho Lethathamo la 4 pele ho ts'ebetsong. Bophahamo ba Tekanyetso ena bo totobatsa litlhoko tsa tekheniki, mekhoa ea liteko, melao ea tlhahlobo le matšoao bakeng sa li-valve tsa mocheso o tlase oa mocheso o tlase (oo mona o bitsoang "castings"). Tekanyetso ena e sebetsa ho li-valve, li-flange le li-castings tse ling tlas'a khatello e sebelisoang ka mocheso o tlase ho tloha -254 ℃ ho ea -29 ℃. Tokomane e tloaelehileng ea litšupiso Lipehelo tse litokomaneng tse latelang li fetoha lipehelo tsa Maemo ana ho latela Tekanyetso ena. Bakeng sa litemana tsa khale, litokiso tsohle tse latelang (ho sa kenyeletsoe liphoso) kapa liphetoho ha li sebetse Tekanyetsong ena, leha ho le joalo, ba amehang litumellanong tlas'a Tekanyetso ena ba khothalletsoa ho hlahloba tšebeliso ea liphetolelo tsa litokomane tsena. Bakeng sa litšupiso tse se nang nako, liphetolelo tsa bona li sebetsa ho latela maemo ana. GB/T222-2006 tšepe bakeng sa tlhahlobo ea lik'hemik'hale - Mokhoa oa ho etsa mohlala le ho kheloha ho lumelletsoeng ha sehlahisoa se felileng sa lik'hemik'hale GB/T 223(likarolo tsohle) Mekhoa ea tlhahlobo ea lik'hemik'hale ea tšepe, tšepe le lialloys GB/T 228-2002 Lisebelisoa tsa tšepe -- Tensile teko mochesong oa kamore (ISO 6892:1998 (E), MOD) GB/T 229-1994 Metal Charpy notch impact test method (eqv TSG 148:1983) Dimensional tolerances le Machining allowances for Castings (eqv ISO 8062:1994) GB/ T 9452-2003 Sebōpi sa ho futhumatsa mocheso -- qeto ea sebaka se sebetsang hantle sa ho futhumatsa Likarolo tsa tšepe tsa carbon bakeng sa merero e akaretsang ea boenjiniere (neq ISO 3755:1991) GB/T 12224-2005 li-valve tsa tšepe Litlhoko tse akaretsang GB/T 12230--2005 li-valve tse akaretsang -- Litlhahiso tsa tekheniki Melao-motheo e akaretsang ea netefatso ea boleng ba tjheseletsa (> GB/T 13927 Teko e akaretsang ea khatello ea li-valve (GB/T 13927-- ​​1992.neq ISO 5208:1382) GB/T15169-2003 Tekanyetso ea bokhoni ba litšepe tsa ho qhibiliha (ISO /DIS 9606-1: 2002) JB/T 6439 Valve compression cast steel magnetic particle tlhahlobo Tlhahlobo ea radiographic ea likarolo tsa tšepe tse hatelitsoeng tsa JB/T 6440 Valve JB/T 6902 valve cast steel - mokhoa oa teko bakeng sa ho kenella ha metsi JB/T 7927 valve. tšepe castings ponahalo litlhoko tsa boleng ASTM A3S1/A3S1M Austenite le austenite bakeng sa likarolo khatello. Specification for ferritic (biphase) steel castings ASTM A352/A352M Specification for Ferritic and Martensitic Steel Castings Bakeng sa Likarolo Tse Tlas'a Mocheso o Tlaase Compression Litlhoko tsa Tekheniki Kereiti ea thepa le mocheso oa ts'ebeletso Mokhahlelo oa thepa le mocheso oa ts'ebeletso oa ho lahla li bonts'itsoe ho Lethathamo la 1. Lethathamo la 1 boemo ba thepa le mocheso oa ts'ebeletso Sebopeho sa lik'hemik'hale le thepa ea mochini Moetso oa lik'hemik'hale oa li-castings o tla lumellana le litlhoko tse hlahang Lethathamong la 2.